My primary interests in the field of Planetary Science cover the icy satellites of the Gas Giant planets and their constituent ice and hydrate phases. I'm interested in all aspects of icy planet tectonics, cryovolcanism, thermal history, and surface and atmospheric processes. Naturally, this leads to an interest in the consequences of ice planet geophysics and geology for subjects such as astrobiology, particularly where conditions allow for the existence of aqueous solutions, such as appear to exist beneath the surfaces of Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Titan.