My research focuses on variability in the speech signal. By combining theory and methodologies from the disciplines of sociophonetics, experimental phonetics and speech perception, my work aims to address how listeners adjust perceptually to variation within their own language. I am also interested in the relationship between speech production and perception, and how speakers adapt their speech production during interaction and over their life span. My work in sociophonetics also draws on ideas from second language learning, where my work has focused on investigating the development of phonetic perception in second language learners.