Our work aims to explore the virological, clinical and epidemiological consequences of HIV drug resistance, and the nature of HIV transmission. We utilise multiple disciplines, including population assessments of drug resistance, molecular phylogeny, and in vitro models of viral replication. Since the HIV epidemic is a global problem, we also focus on antretroviral viral rollout in the resource poor world, in particular assessing the implications of treatment on the emergence of escape mutants, and the impact on future response to therapy. I also Head HIV and Antiretrovirals at the Centre for Infections, Health protection Agency, where we host a WHO Specialist Laboratory within the HIV Drug resistance network. Our work is funded by the MRC, Wellcome Trust and EU. The latter involves coordinating a large integrated European network on HIV and HIV Drug Resistance (CHAIN).