The current programme of research concentrates on determining the mechanisms by which changes in arterial p02 and pc02 levels, and pH, modify respiratory and cardiovascular activity. These are investigated using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological techniques, cell biological and imaging approaches. Additionally recombinant approaches are being used to modify specific cell properties in order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying chemosensitivity in the cns and the arterial chemoreceptors. The current focus is on the role of purines, glutamate and 5-HT as principal mediators, and the potential role of microglia as ˜sensors' in the cns. Other investigations are designed to understand how heart-failure may be alleviated through actions of ß-blockers within localised regions of the brain.