This research explores the increasing influence of ISIS on education in Afghanistan with a specific focus on the context of the eastern province of Nangarhar. There are reports showing that ISIS has been highly effective in consolidating its presence and influence in this province (Gutteridge, 2016; Fisk, 2016; Boghani, 2015). Reports also show that ISIS has a significant influence in 11 districts out of 24 districts in the province (BBC Persian, 2016) where, they control all aspects of community life including, education which is being used to propagate the ideology of Islamic Caliphate (Zahid, 2015). Developing an understanding of the ways education has been used in the Islamic radicalism can contribute to critical reflection on education policies and will help the authorities to develop innovative ways of providing education in challenging environments. It will also better equip educational constituencies such as schools, Ministry of Education, INGOs and other education providers to protect children from risks of extremism and radicalisation. Building upon the case study of Nangarhar, this study will also develop a conceptual and methodological framework for a broader research into education and extremism.