This program contributes to conserving biodiversity and strengthening biodiversity-based livelihoods in pastoral areas in Tanzania, Kenya and Ethiopia. It illustrates the costs and benefits of different development policies and helps formulate policies and investment plans that integrate conservation and economic development to build sustainable livelihoods, through analysis of existing information and consultation with local communities, academics and government decision makers. At the regional and national level, it uses cross-border and case study analyses to identify policy outcomes, constraints and opportunities and will work with different national groups to encourage national governments to consider examples of best practice elsewhere.The project is funded by the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), and partners include Egerton University, Resource Conflict Institute (RECONCILE) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) alongside the Economic and Social Research Foundation of Tanzania (ESRF), the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), University College London (UCL), the National Museums of Kenya and the Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI).