Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis that has been projected to lead to ten million deaths per annum and USD $100 trillion in economic costs by 2050 if not tackled. In addition to bacterial genes that confer resistance, we are also interested in "resilience behaviours" whereby microbes that are sensitive to antibiotics can temporaril become resistant though the expression of particular genes or through the fostering of subpopulations of metabolically resistant community members. Using a genomics approach coupled with a lab-based human bladder model of infection, we are working closely with clinical partners to understand patterns of resistance in infected patients, both patients with chronic UTI and also renal transplant recipients.