Co-Investigator, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC): Theory and Method for Fuzzy Spatial Elements (PI: X. M Tang, 2 Co-Is, No. 40571123, RMB 300,000, about £30,000). This project studies fundamental issues of uncertainties in spatial data such as the geometric elements and their topological relationships, with application in land use change detection. My part is costed here as advisor to 2 PhD students in the Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing (Co-I: Tao Cheng, £6,000).