The Unit continues to focus on body fluid biomarkers of key pathological processes that are believed to be important neurological diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. CSF neurofilament phosphoisoforms, a measure of axonal damage and/or loss, correlate and predict the development of disability in patients with established MS. Studies on novel markers of neuronal and axonal regeneration, such as soluble Nogo receptors, are ongoing. Neurofilament proteins may also have a prognostic role in Guillain-Barré syndrome; this has important practical implications in terms of allocation of resources, which could be required in the more severe cases of this syndrome, as well as directing more carefully the expensive drugs used in the treatment of this condition (i.e. plasmapheresis and/or intravenous immunoglobulin). In conjunction with the Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and also the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders we are exploring alterations in CSF biomarkers in a number of dementia and movement disorder syndromes