Hexamidine (HEX) has been used as a preservative in topical preparations since the 1950s. A number of studies also indicate that the molecule plays a beneficial role in skin homeostasis. In this review we describe the physicochemical properties of hexamidine diisethionate (HEX D) and the corresponding hydrochloride salt (HEX H). The biocidal and protease inhibition properties of HEX are outlined as well as the effects of HEX on lipid processing enzymes, corneocyte maturity, stratum corneum thickness and Trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Skin permeation properties of HEX D and HEX H are summarised and formulation approaches for effective dermal targeting of HEX are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.