Background: Epilepsy surgery has proven to be an effective treatment strategy for pharmacoresistant structural epilepsy. Lesions in the posterior cortex are particularly challenging in their evaluation for surgery, especially in children. Objective: Study of the effectiveness of surgical treatment for children and adolescents with posterior structural lesions. Material and methods: Literature review and summary of the key findings of published studies on pediatric cohorts following surgical treatment for posterior cortex epilepsy. Results: Epilepsy caused by lesions in the posterior cortex is more common in children than in adults and is often less clearly associated with localizing symptoms and difficult to delineate from eloquent cortex. Despite these issues, outcomes have significantly improved over the last decades thanks to advances in presurgical evaluation. Conclusion: Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment for epileptogenic lesions in the posterior cortex. The best prospects for freedom from seizures are after early and sufficiently extensive interventions, mandating an early and thorough evaluation in affected children and adolescents.