The aim of this research was to explore the objective and subjective physical environments of residential care facilities (RCFs) by studying 34 facilities in Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang and Dalian. A study that combines questionnaires and instrumental testing. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used to analyse the correlation between the measured value and the evaluation result and the impact on the results of the participants’ personal background evaluations. The results showed that the brightness intensity ranged from 100 to 450 cd/m2, illuminance 200–550 lx and sound pressure level (SPL) 40–58 dBA. In reconstructed RCFs (RCFs converted from other buildings), the odour and other factors were significantly positively correlated with the satisfaction of participants. Seasonal changes had a significant impact on the level of different physical environments, particularly in the assessment of the thermal environment. Temperatures were highest in bedrooms, reaching 27°C. The correlation between the measured value and the evaluated satisfaction was high. The education level of participants was related to their satisfaction with the overall Indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Participants in the study were satisfied with the overall IEQ of the RCFs. These results can provide data-based support and act as a reference for IEQ research on RCFs.