This chapter examines the institutional arrangements adopted in relation to emerging forms of ‘citizen co-production’ in water provision, looking in particular at the way in which these reinforce or bridge the gap between current government policies and practices by the peri-urban poor. The underlying assumption is that the reciprocal collaboration of government professionals and citizens engendered by a genuine process of co-production has the capacity to positively transform those taking part. Such transformation implies that co-production can lead to (a) a more sensitive approach from government professionals to the water needs, experience and expectations of the beneficiaries--in particular of the ‘water poor’- and (b) the empowerment of the latter through their increased control of water management systems and the assertion of their right to water. Furthermore, we argue that the creation of an equal platform for interaction between government professionals and citizens plays an essential role not only in improving access to water by those typically excluded but also in making the system more accountable and environmentally sustainable. Whilst there are many well-documented projects aimed at linking public agencies and poor communities on a one-off basis, our focus here is on the emergence of institutionalised frameworks for service co-production in the peri-urban interface (PUI) of metropolitan Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and Caracas (Venezuela).